Not trying to make the choice harder, but mailbox.org seems to fit into the choices as well (also hostesd in Germany). Also in terms of hosting in Switzerland, keep in mind that it’s not actually part of the EU, which is the primary/original source for many of the privacy laws you probably care about if you’re looking into these providers.
Keepass just uses a (local) file, but it expects and can handle if the file is modified externally. That’s important because it means you can store it on a network share, or in some sort of synchronized storage, self hosted or not (next cloud, sync thing, Google drive, whatever). It’s just up to you. If you have it open on your PC and you add an entry on your phone, your PC won’t “overwrite” it, but integrates any changes you’re making there at the same time.
For example the android client has direct support for a long list on storage services for this exact reason.