Proton did nothing wrong here; in fact, it is working as intended.
No email content or attachment was provided in this case because they (Proton) have nothing to give. Now, imagine if this user were using Gmail instead of Proton.
The article title is clickbait and is trying to incite outrage from the crowd. Don’t fall for it.
Is their mail server so different than any other generic mail server implementations? Do they encrypt all the emails at server-side?