For those not willing to give up on convenience, on Android, there’s Lockdown mode, which will temporarily disable access via biometrics and force the use of your PIN/password to get into your device. Not sure about other brands, but on Pixel, you can enable it by long-pressing the power button and tapping on “Lockdown”.
Except the email in question is not a newsletter. Companies often use separate mail list services for important product announcements and similar things as well. Obviously there should be a process in place that removes you from these external services too when you delete your account, but I assume this is what broke down in this case