There’s a phone company out of Europe, Fairphone, that’s striving to fix these problems. I can’t really say if their specs are up to par or not (fwiw their newest phone can do 5G), but you can repair you phone with their Spare Parts offerings, like the selfie camera, earpiece, rear cameras, speaker, USB-C port, display, back cover, battery, etc.
Issue is that you can’t buy it in the US or elsewhere, but there are some tricks where you can get it into the US/CA by going with Clove or Reship.
Phone looks to work best on T-Mobile networks, so AT&T or Verizon users might see terrible performance.
So, not panacea, but a decent solution for those willing to go down that path.
I was just responding to the first point made by OP. Didn’t intend on commenting on the other stuff because either I agree or don’t know enough to contribute!