If you can get a Blu phone shipped in, that would be exactly what you’re looking for. All Blu phones come unlocked by default, they’re about a third the price of name brands with the same specs, and while they have minimal bloatware to begin with, their apps are all unprotected so you can uninstall everything that isn’t a core system.
Bonus perks that aren’t relevant to your question, every phone they make is made with gorilla glass, so they’re ridiculously hard to crack or scratch. They come with a case, screen protector, charger block, cable, headphones, Sim key, and sticker in every box. Lastly, to put into perspective how bafflingly reliable these things are, I’ve bought 3 of them in 10 years. I’m replying to you from one I bought two years ago that has been a 6% decay in battery life and still has no issues running anything I use it for.
Couldn’t we use this information to provide a fake fingerprint for the browser? Like a plugin that makes your browser read as being from an unmodified Chromebook?